OBJECTIVES
• To provide understanding and skill of transistor biasing and characteristics.
• To develop the comprehensive skill on Transistor model and equivalent circuits.
• To provide understanding of the Multistage, power and tuned voltage amplifier.
• To develop the understanding and of FET and FET amplifier.
• To provide understanding and skill on Feedback amplifier and oscillator.
• To develop the clear concept and skill on time base circuit and multivibrator.
SHORT DESCRIPTION
Transistor characteristics, Transistor biasing & stabilization, Transistor model, Multistage amplifier, Power & tuned amplifier, FET & FET amplifier, Feedback amplifier, Sinusoidal oscillators, Time base circuit and Multivibrator circuits.
DETAILS DESCRIPTION
Theory:
1. Understand the concept of Transistor characteristics.
1.1 State the biasing rule of transistor
1.2 Explain the characteristics of transistor in CB, CC & CE configuration.
1.3 Determine the input and output resistance of transistor in CB, CC, CE configuration.
1.4 Describe the Base width modulation or Early effects.
1.5 Mention transistor cut-off, active and saturation region.
1.6 Discuss transistor ratings.
1.7 Compare CB, CC, CE configuration.
2. Understand Concept of Transistor Biasing and Stabilization
2.1 Define (i) load line (ii) Operating Point (iii) Stability factor.
2.2 Describe the methods of drawing load line.
2.3 Explain the leakage current in CB & CE circuits.
2.4 List the factors affecting stability of Q-points.
2.5 Mention the condition for proper biasing of transistor.
2.6 Describe various methods of transistor biasing.
2.7 Determine the stability factor of various transistor biasing circuits.
2.8 Describe the Thermal Runway and bias compensation methods.
2.9 Solve problem related to components values, Q-Points and stability factor.
3. Understand the Concept of Transistor Model and equivalent circuits.
3.1 Explain the operation of a single stage CE transistor amplifier.
3.2 Mention the notation for currents and voltages of transistor amplifier.
3.3 Describe the transistor as a four terminal device.
3.4 Describe the low frequency small signal (Shockley relationship r’e= ) model of transistor.
3.5 Solve problem related to amplifier parameters using small signal (re) model.
3.6 Explain the transistor model with h-parameters.
3.7 Derive formula for current gain, voltage gain, input impedance, and output impedance of CE, CB and CC transistor amplifier by h-parameters.
3.8 Mention the effects of source and load resistance.
3.9 Solve problem for various transistor amplifier using h-parameters.
4. Understand the Concept of Multistage amplifier.
4.1 Define (i) Multistage amplifier (ii) Cascade amplifier (iii) Cascode amplifier (iv) Decibel gain.
4.2 Mention the advantages of expressing the gain in dB.
4.3 Classify multistage amplifier.
4.4 Describe the need and types of coupling.
4.5 Explain the operation of multistage direct coupled, transformer coupled and R-C coupled amplifier.
4.6 Describe frequency response and its dependence on component values and transistor parameters.
4.7 Describe the term frequency response, half power point, 3dB point, upper and lower cutoff frequencies, bandwidth and gain bandwidth product related to frequency response.
4.8 Derive voltage gain of two stage R-C coupled amplifier for low and high frequency equivalent circuit.
4.9 Describe the advantages, disadvantages & applications for above types of multistage amplifier.
5. Understand the Concept of Power Amplifier.
5.1 Define class A, B, AB and C amplifier.
5.2 State the difference between voltage and power amplifier.
5.3 Explain the circuit operation and efficiency of RC and transformers coupled class-A power amplifier.
5.4 Explain the operation and efficiency of class – A and class-B push pull amplifier.
5.5 Describe the operation of complementary symmetry push pull amplifier.
5.6 Explain the operation, efficiency and distortion of class-C amplifier.
5.7 Explain the operation and frequency response of various tuned amplifier.
5.8 Explain the operation and frequency response of various tuned amplifier.
5.9 Describe the advantages, disadvantages & application of the various types power amplifier.
6. Understand the Concept of Field-Effect Transistor(FET).
6.1 Define field effect transistor(FET).
6.2 Mention the types of FET
6.3 Describe the construction and operation Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET).
6.4 Explain characteristics of JFET .
6.5 Describe the parameters of JFET.
6.6 Establish the relationship among FET parameters.
6.7 Describe the DC biasing of JFET and its load line.
6.8 Explain the operation of CS, CD and CG JFET amplifiers.
6.9 Solve problems based on FET parameters.
7. Understand the concept of Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET (MOSFET).
7.1 Define MOSFET.
7.2 Mention the Types of MOSFET.
7.3 Describe the Construction and operation of DE and E-Only MOSFET.
7.4 Explain the characteristics of DE and E-Only MOSFET.
7.5 Compare BJT and JFET.
7.6 Compare MOSFET and JFET.
7.7 Mention the application of JFET and MOSFET in analog and digital circuits.
8. Understand the Concept of Feedback Amplifier.
8.1 Define feedback
8.2 List the types of feedback.
8.3 Describe different types of feedback with block diagram.
8.4 Calculate the gain of amplifier with feedback (positive and negative).
8.5 Describe the effect of positive and negative feedback in oscillator and amplifier.
8.6 Mention the advantages and disadvantages of negative feedback in amplifier.
9. Understand The concept of Sinusoidal Oscillators.
9.1 Define Oscillator.
9.2 List the types of Oscillator.
9.3 Explain the principle of operation of a oscillatory tank circuit.
9.4 Describe the essentials of feedback LC oscillators.
9.5 State the Barkhausen criterion.
9.6 Explain the principle of operation of tuned collector, tuned base and Tuned Drain oscillators.
9.7 Explain the principle of operation of Hartly, Colpitt and Wein-bridge oscillators.
9.8 Explain the principle of operation phase shift & crystal oscillators.
9.9 Solve problem related to the frequency of various oscillators.
10. Understand the operation of time base circuit.
10.1 Define time base circuit.
10.2 Describe the need for time base wave forms.
10.3 Mention the methods of generating time base waveform.
10.4 Explain the generation of saw-tooth wave using charging and discharging of a capacitor.
10.5 Describe the operation of transistor as a switch.
10.6 Describe the operation of sweep circuit using transistor switch.
10.7 Explain the operation of Miller sweep circuit and Bootstrap sweep circuit.
11. Understand the features of multivibrator circuits (square wave generator).
11.1 State what is meant by multivibrator.
11.2 Identify the types of multivibrator.
11.3 Explain the operation of astable, monostable and bistablemutivibrator circuits with wave shapes.
11.4 Explain triggering techniques for bistablemultivibrator circuit.
11.5 Mention the principle of operation of Schmitt trigger circuit.
11.6 Mention the operating principle of transistorized voltage controlled oscillator.
Practical:
1. Show skill of determining input and output characteristics of a transistor in common base connection.
1.1. Select a circuit diagram.
1.2. Select proper tools, equipment and materials.
1.3. Prepare the circuit.
1.4. Check the connections.
1.5. Collect the required data.
1.6. Plot input and output characteristic curves.
2. Show skill in measuring operating points (VCE and IC) for Transistor circuit.
2.1. Select a fixed bias transistor circuit.
2.2. Select required equipment.
2.3. Prepare the circuit.
2.4. Check the connections.
2.5. Adjust the circuit.
2.6. Measure the operating points.
3. Demonstrate the frequency response of single stage R-C coupled transistor amplifier.
3.1 Draw the circuit diagram for the experiment.
3.2 List required tools, equipment and materials.
3.3 Make all the connections according to the circuit diagram.
3.4 Check the connections.
3.5 Energize the circuit and record the data.
3.6 Draw the frequency response curve from the data.
4. Study the operation of any transistor class- B power amplifier.
4.1 Select an appropriate circuit diagram.
4.2 Select required tools, equipment and materials.
4.3 Make the circuit connection according to the given diagram.
4.4 Energize the circuit.
4.5 Observe the output wave and calculate the power gain.
5. Investigate the properties of a single tuned voltage amplifier.
5.1 Draw the circuit for the experiment.
5.2 Indent requires materials, tools and equipment.
5.3 Make all the connection.
5.4 Check the circuit.
5.5 Energize the circuit and note the important properties.
6. Study the operation of negative feedback on the gain and band width of an amplifier.
6.1 Select a required circuit diagram for the experiment.
6.2 List required materials, tools and equipment.
6.3 Connect everything according to the diagram.
6.4 Check and energize the circuit.
6.5 Record the data for frequency response with and without negative feedback.
6.6 Plot the frequency response curves and observe the difference.
7. Demonstrate the operation of a Hartly, Colpitt and R-C oscillator.
7.1 Draw the circuit diagram.
7.2 Select tools, equipment and materials.
7.3 Connect the circuit diagram.
7.4 Check and energize the circuit.
7.5 Observe the output for different frequencies.
8. Show the skill in plotting input and output characteristics of JFET in Common source mode.
8.1 Select a circuit diagram.
8.2 Select required tools, equipment and materials.
8.3 Make all the connections according to the circuit diagram.
8.4 Check the circuit.
8.5 Record required data.
8.6 Plot input and output characteristic curves.
9. Show skill in determining characteristics of MOSFET (enhancement and depletion type) Select a circuit diagram.
9.1 Indent required tools, equipment and materials.
9.2 Connect the components and equipment according to the circuit diagram.
9.3 Check the circuit.
9.4 Record required data.
9.5 Plot the characteristic curves.
10. Study the operation of a transistor monostablemultivibrator circuit.
10.1 Select an experiment circuit.
10.1 Select the required tools and materials.
10.1 Build up the circuit as per diagram.
10.1 Switch on the power supply.
10.1 Switch on the trigger signal.
10.1 Observe the wave shapes at each collector & base of the transistor.
11. Study the operation of a transistor bistablemultivibrator circuit.
11.1 Select an experiment circuit.
11.2 Select the required tools and materials.
11.3 Build up the circuit as per diagram.
11.4 Switch on the power supply.
11.5 Observe the wave form at each collector & base of the transistor.
11.6 Observe the effect of changing base resistor and or coupling capacitors on the frequency of the square wave output.
12. Study the operation of anastablemultivibrator circuit.
a. Select an experiment circuit.
b. Select the required tools and materials.
c. Build up the circuit as per diagram.
d. Switch on the power supply.
e. Observe the wave form at each collector & base of the transistor.
f. Observe the effect of changing base resistor and or coupling capacitors on the frequency of the square wave output.
13. Study the operation of a transistor Schmitt trigger circuit.
13.1 Select an experiment circuit.
13.2 Select the required tools and materials.
13.3 Build up the circuit as per diagram.
13.4 Switch on the power supply.
13.5 Switch on the trigger signal.
13.6 Observe the input & output wave shapes.
14. Study the Operation of a time base circuit.
14.1 Indent required tools, equipment and materials.
14.2 Connect the components and equipment according to the circuit diagram.
14.3 Check the circuit.
14.4 Record required data.
14.5 Plot the characteristic curves.
REFERENCE BOOKS
A Text Book of Applied Electronics R.S. Sedha
Principles of Electronics V. K Metha
Electronics and Radio Engineering M. L Gupta
Power Electronics Dr. P.S. Bimbhra
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